R
A: I’m taking part in a march against racism.
B: Great, I hope that it helps the various different nationalities in the country.
racism
n.1.种族歧视，种族偏见; 2.种族主义
A: Would you like to have a game of tennis?
B: I’d love to, but I don’t have a racket.
racket
n.1.喧嚷，吵闹; 2.敲诈，勒索，诈骗; 3.（网球等的）球拍
A: You look radiant tonight.
B: Thanks for the compliment.
radiant
a.1.容光焕发的，喜形于色的; 2.光芒四射的，光辉灿烂的; 3.辐射的
A: Wow, the weather was hot today.
B: Yes, the sun radiated great heat.
radiate
v.1.发出（光或热），辐射; 2.流露，显示
A: I heard that radioactive waste was dumped into the sea.
B: I know, isn’t it shocking?
radioactive
a.放射性的，有辐射能的
A: I want to rent a house within two mile radius of my workplace.
B: That is a sensible decision.
radius
n.1.半径，半径范围; 2.周围，范围
A: Did you buy a new computer?
B: No, I won it in a raffle.
raffle
n.对奖售物，抽彩
vt.(off)用对奖办法出售
A: How did you travel down the river?
B: We built a raft and floated down it.
raft
n.1.木排，木筏; 2.充气救生筏，救生圈
vt.用筏子运送
vi.乘筏子渡河
A: Did you climb to the top of the mountain?
B: No, the cliffs were too ragged and dangerous to climb.
ragged
a.1.（衣服）破旧的，褴褛的; 2.衣衫褴褛的; 3.不规则的，参差不齐的，凸凹不平的;
4.粗糙的，不完善的，差劲的
A: I want to do some gardening, did you see the rake?
B: Yes, it is in the garage.
rake
n.1.耙，草耙，钉齿耙; 2.斜度，倾角
vi.1.耙 ; 2.搜索，核查
vt.1.耙集，耙平，耙松; 2.扫射，扫过
rake in
大量敛集（钱财）
rake up
1.耙集，集拢，耙开，扒开; 2.翻出（旧事等）重提
A: I am constructing a ramp to avoid the steps up to my building.
B: Good, that will take it accessible to wheelchairs.
ramp
n.1.斜面，坡道; 2.活动舷梯，轻便梯
A: The rats are rampant on my farm.
B: Why don’t you get a cat to kill them?
rampant
a.1.（犯罪、疾病等）猖獗的，肆虐的; 2.（植物）蔓生的，过于繁茂的
A: How many horses do you have on your ranch?
B: Oh, I have both trained and wild horses, but I’m not sure how many.
ranch
n.1.大牧场; 2.饲养场
A: You were lucky to get into this university.
B: I was indeed lucky, I chose it at random.
random
a.任意的，随机的
at random
随便的，任意的
A: Do you enjoy being a park ranger?
B: Oh yes, I love the outdoors.
ranger
n.1.国家公园管理员，护林员; 2.骑兵巡逻队员
A: My boss was kidnapped!
B: Was he held for ransom?
ransom
n.赎金
vt.赎出，赎回
hold sb to ransom
掳某人索赎，要挟某人
A: Can you make a song out of your poem?
B: No, but I could try to rap it.
rap
vt.1.（轻而快地）敲击，急敲; 2.(out)突然厉声说出; 3.责备，训斥
n.（轻快的）敲击（声），急敲（声）
A: For what offence was the criminal convicted?
B: He was convicted for two counts of rape.
rape
vt./n.强奸
A: I didn’t realize that you were going to move house.
B: I didn’t either until yesterday, it was a rash decision.
rash
a.轻率的，鲁莽的
n.1.疹，皮疹; 2.（短时期内）爆发的一连串
A: Has the government ratified the international treaty?
B: Not yet, they are still consulting with other nations about it.
ratify
vt.正式批准，使正式生效，认可
A: My novel made it into the top ten books of the year.
B: Well done, that is an excellent rating.
rating
n.1.等级，品级，评定结果; 2.[pl.]（电视节目的）收视率，（广播节目的）收听率
A: Would you like another cup of coffee?
B: No thanks, I’ve had my ration for the day.
ration
n.1.配给量，定量; 2.[常pl.]给养，口粮
vt.配给供应，定量供应
A: The car rattles every time we drive over a bump.
B: Perhaps you should get it fixed.
rattle
vi.1.发格格声，发连续短促的尖叫声; 2.飞奔，咯嚓咯嚓地行进
vt.1.使碰撞作响，使发出连续短促的尖叫声 ; 2.使窘迫不安，激怒，使恐惧惊慌
n.1.连续短促的尖叫声，碰撞声; 2.连续发声的玩具，拨浪鼓
rattle off
飞快地说出
rattle on
1.飞奔; 2.喋喋不休地讲话
A: Michael simply raved about this film.
B: I don’t know why, I think it is terrible.
rave
vi.1.胡言乱语，说胡话; 2.(about)极力赞美
a.赞扬（性）的
A: Why didn’t you shave today?
B: I ran out of razors.
razor
n.剃刀
A: You have a good crop of this year.
B: Yes, we reaped a good one alright.
reap
vt.1.收割，收获
2.获得，得到
A: Please don’t forget to give me back my book.
B: I reassure you again, I’ll have it back to you by the end of the week.
reassure
vt.向……再保证，使消除疑虑，使放心
A: Did you hear about the rebellion in the Congo?
B: No, what were the rebels fighting against?
rebellion
n.反叛，反抗
A: My father rebuked me for breaking window.
B: Well, he has every right to be upset.
rebuke
n.指责，训斥
A: Do you remember my tenth birthday?
B: I’m sorry, the occasion seems to have receded from my memory.
recede
vi.1.退，退去，渐渐远去; 2.向后倾斜，缩进
A: The students at the lecture were very attentive.
B: Yes, they are always receptive to new ideas.
receptive
a.（对知识、思想等）接受能力强的，能迅速接受的
A: What time is your recess at?
B: We have lunch at 12:30 every day.
recess
n.1.（工作等）暂停，休息，休庭; 2.课间休息 ; 3.凹处，凹室，壁龛; 4.[常pl.]深处，幽深处，隐秘处
vi.暂停，休会，休庭
A: This cake is fantastic. Can I have the recipe?
B: I’m sorry, the ingredients are a secret
recipe
n.1.烹饪法，食谱
2.方法，秘诀，诀窍
A: Elaine was one of the top students in the university.
B: Yes, I heard that she was the recipient of the “Student of the Year” award.
recipient
n.接受者，接收者
A: Mr. Clancy highly respects you.
B: Well, we have reciprocal respect for each other, I think he is a wonderful man.
reciprocal
a.相互的，互惠的
A: Can you recite any poems form your memory?
B: I wish that I could, but I have a terrible memory.
recite
vt.1.背诵，朗诵; 2.列举，一一说出
vi.背诵，朗诵
A: Tim is a reckless and dangerous driver.
B: I know, I keep telling him that he will have an accident one day.
reckless
a.鲁莽的，草率的，不考虑后果的
A: Most of Holland is reclaimed from the sea.
B: Yes, that is why they are so worried about flooding.
reclaim
vt.1.改正，改造; 2.开垦（荒地），开拓; 3.回收;4.要求（或主张）收回，要求（或主张）恢复
A: Are you and Mary friends again?
B: Yes, we reconciled our differences.
reconcile
vt.1.使协调; 2.使和解; 3.(to)使顺从（于），使甘心（于）
A: Have they reached reconciliation yet?
B: No, they are still fighting over the terms of their relationship.
reconciliation
n.和解，调和
A: How many sides does a rectangle have?
B: Four, Sir.
rectangle
n.长方形，矩形
A: Car you describe you bedroom to me?
B: Well, it is rectangular in shape and is painted bright yellow.
rectangular
a.长方形的，矩形的
A: Dad, I’ve made a serious mistake.
B: Don’t worry, I’m sure we can rectify the situation.
rectify
vt.纠正，修复
A: Doctor, I have a recurring dream.
B: Do you mean that you have the same dream every night?
recur
vi.再发生，重现
A: Please don’t put the paper in the rubbish bin, I will recycle it.
B: Oh, of course, it is a good idea to use it again.
recycle
vt.回收利用（废物等）
A: I sold you watch.
B: Oh no, I want it back, can it be redeemed?
redeem
vt.1.弥补，补偿，抵消
2.解救，救赎
3.(oneself)使免咎，挽回声誉
4.履行，遵守（诺言）
5.将（股票、债券等）兑取现金
6.赎回（抵押品）
A: I have some bad news, I was made redundant.
B: Oh no, why did you lose your job?
redundant
a.1.（因人员过剩而）被解雇的; 2.多余的，过剩的
A: We were fishing, but our boat got caught in some reeds.
B: How did you manage to get out of them?
reed
n.1.芦苇，芦丛
2.簧舌，簧片
A: I would love to go diving off the coast of Australia.
B: Me too, I have heard that the reefs are incredible.
reef
n.礁，暗礁
A: Did you catch any fish?
B: No, I had one, but it was so heavy it broke my reel.
reel
n.卷轴，卷筒，卷盘
vi.1.摇摇晃晃地移动，蹒跚; 2.眩晕，发昏
vt. (in,up)卷，绕
reel off
一口气说，重复
A: That was a foul.
B: No, is wasn’t. Where is the referee? He’ll decide.
referee
n.1.裁判员; 2.证明人，推荐人 ; 3.仲裁者，调解者
v.当裁判
A: Do you know all the words to the song?
B: Not all of them, only the refrain.
refrain
vt.(from)抑制，克制，戒除
n.（诗歌的）叠句，副歌
A: Will there be any refreshments at the party?
B: I am sure that there will at least be some drinks.
refreshment
n.1.[pl.]茶点，点心 ; 2.（精力的）恢复，精神爽快
A: Did you find a place to sleep for the night in the mountains?
B: Yes, we found refuge in a cave.
refuge
n.庇护所，避难处，庇护
A: My new coat does not fit me.
B: Will you be able to get a refund if you take it back to the shop?
refund
n.退款
vt.退还（钱款）
A: During the debate he refuted all of my arguments.
B: I hope that you also proved some of his arguments were wrong.
refute
vt.驳斥，驳倒
A: What’s their form of government?
B: It is a military regime.
regime
n.政治制度，政权
A: There is a new regiment of army troops in the city.
B: Oh, where are they based?
regiment
n.1.（军队的）团 ; 2.大量
vt.严格地管制，严密地编组
A: Mathew rehabilitated quickly following the accident.
B: Yes, he made a speedy recovery.
rehabilitate
vt.1.改造（罪犯等），使恢复正常生活; 2.使恢复原状，修复 ; 3.恢复……的名誉
A: Is this the opening night of your performance?
B: No, it is just the final rehearsal.
rehearsal
n.排练，排演
A: How long has the King reigned?
B: Perhaps he has been the king for too long!
reign
n.君主的统治，君主统治时期
vi.1.当政，统治 ; 2.占主导地位
A: I lost control of the horse.
B: What happened? Did you let go of the reins?
rein
n.缰绳
vt.勒缰使（马）停步
rein in
严格控制，严加管束
give (free) rein to
对……不加约束，放任，给……充分自由
A: My wife just gave birth to a baby boy.
B: Rejoice! That is great news.
rejoice
vi.感到高兴，充满喜悦
A: I dropped the baton during the relay race.
B: It’s OK, Your team members caught up quickly.
relay
n.1.接力赛 ; 2.中继转播（设备）
vt.1.传送，传达，转述; 2.中继转播
A: Did you get promoted to a higher position in the army?
B: No, I was actually relegated to a lower rank.
relegate
vt.使降级，使降职
A: My efforts as a mother are relentless.
B: Yes, you never get a break.
relentless
a.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的
A: My car is always breaking down.
B: That make of car is not known for its reliance.
reliance
n.依靠，依赖
A: Did you see the relics in the museum?
B: Yes, they were old and beautiful.
relics
n.1.遗物，遗迹，遗产
2.遗体，尸骸
A: He ate his meal with great relish.
B: He must have been hungry.
relish
vt.享受，从……中获得乐趣
n.1.（美食等的）享受，滋味，乐趣; 2.调味品
A: What shall I do with the remainder of the cake?
B: Oh, put it in the fridge, I shall save it for later.
remainder
n.余下的部分，剩下的人数
A: Looking at these old photos brings tears to my eyes.
B: Yes, they are reminiscent of old times.
reminiscent
a.1.(of)使人想起……的 ; 2.怀旧的，缅怀往事的
A: Did you get a new carpet?
B: Yes, but it was just a remnant, so it was cheap.
remnant
n.残留部分
A: Did you hear the tragic news?
B: Yes, and it filled me with remorse and sadness.
remorse
n.痛恨，悔恨，自责
A: I am very interested in Renaissance art and music.
B: Yes, it was a fascinating time in history.
renaissance
n.1.[the R_]（欧洲14至16世纪的）文学复兴，文艺复兴时期; 2.（文学、艺术等的）复兴，再生
A: Harold renounced his own son.
B: Gosh, what did his son do that was so bad?
renounce
vt.1.声明放弃，抛弃 ; 2.宣布中止
A: When will you move into the old cottage?
B: Well, I have to renovate it first and then it will be ready.
renovate
vt.修复，整修……如新，革新，更新
A: My brother is a renowned pianist.
B: Oh, what is his name? I’m sure that I have heard of him.
renown
n.名望，声誉
A: Would you like to come on holidays with me?
B: I’d love to, but I have too much many debts to repay and I can’t afford it.
repay
vt.1.归还（款项） ; 2.报答 ; 3.报复
A: Did you get a loan from the bank?
B: No, it was repealed at the last minute.
repeal
vt.废止，撤消
A: Water and oil repel each other.
B: Funny, they usually say that opposites attract.
repel
vt.1.使厌恶; 2.击退，逐回，驱除; 3.排斥
A: Were their any repercussions to your actions?
B: There were no consequences, as far as I am aware.
repercussion
n.[常pl.]（不良的）影响，反响，后果
A: Do you know any more songs?
B: No, I have just exhausted my repertoire.
repertoire
n.（剧团、演员等的）全部节目，全部本领，全部功能
A: Repression of emotion is not healthy.
B: But I find it difficult to express myself.
repression
n.压抑，压制，镇压
A: Has there been reprisal in the war yet?
B: No, both sides are still fighting.
reprisal
n.报复，报复行动
A: My mother reproached me for not attending school.
B: Well, I’m sure that she only did it for your own benefit.
reproach
n./vt.责备，批评
A: Would you like to come to the zoo with me?
B: So long as we can visit the reptile house, I love snakes
reptile
n.爬行动物
A: Are you sure that you are twins? I don’t see the resemblance.
B: Oh, we are twins, but not identical twins.
resemblance
n.相似，形似
A: I resent the fact that I was sent to boarding school.
B: But at least you received a good education.
resent
vt.对……表示忿恨，怨恨
A: In which part of the city do you live?
B: I currently reside on the east side.
reside
vi.1.居住，定居 ; 2.（in）（性质等）存在，在于
A: Do you live in the centre of the city?
B: No, in a residential area in the suburbs.
residential
a.1.居住的，住宅的; 2.（学生）寄宿的，（须）住宿在任所的
A: The event held great resonance with me.
B: It was an important event for me also.
resonance
n.1.回声，反响，洪亮 ; 2.共鸣，共振
A: Was there any change in his behaviour after taking the medicine?
B: No, there were no visible changers in his resultant behaviour.
resultant
a.作为结果的，因而发生的
A: I’m not giving in until you retaliate.
B: Never! I will not give up!
retaliate
vi.报复
A: His motor skills were retarded following the accident.
B: Yes, it is just a shame that he was so badly affected.
retarded
a.智力迟钝的，智力发育迟缓的
A: Do you easily remember telephone numbers?
B: No, my memory retention is every bad.
retention
n.保留，保持
A: Did he reply to your comment?
B: Yes, but he retorted in a very sharp manner.
retort
n.反驳，回嘴
A: OH no, my hat has fallen into the river!
B: It’s Ok. I think I’ll be able to retrieve it.
retrieve
vt.1.重新得到，取回，收回;2.挽回，补救;3.检索
A: Did you enjoy your year abroad?
B: At the time it was difficult, but in retrospect I think I learned a lot.
retrospect
n.回顾
in retrospect
回想起来，事后看来
A: We are having a family reunion next week.
B: Oh, how long has it been since you saw your aunts and uncles?
reunion
n.1.重聚，团聚
2.（久别后的）聚会，联谊活动
A: I have just had a major revelation!
B: Don’t tell me you have decided what you are going to do for the rest of your life!
revelation
n.1.被揭示的真相，（惊人的）新发现
2.揭示，透露，显示
A: I am sorry that you lost the tennis match.
B: Oh, I will seek revenge next time!
revenge
n.报复，报仇
vt.为……报仇，报……之仇
A: He revere me, I don’t know why.
B: Well, you are a great and kind person, that is why!
revere
vt.尊崇，崇敬，敬畏
A: Are you ready for the exam?
B: No, I haven’t done enough revision.
revision
n.1.修订，修改，修正;2.修订本，修订版; 3.复习，温习
A: The man drowned in the water!
B: Oh, I thought that he was revived just in time.
revive
vt.使复苏
vi.恢复
A: His position in the government was revoked when he committed the crime.
B: Well, a person like that does not deserve such a high position.
revoke
vt.撤销，取消，废除
A: My essay revolved around three central ideas.
B: Oh, can you explain them to me please?
revolve
vt.旋转
revolve around
以……为主要内容
A: Did the conference produce some good actions?
B: No, it just rested at he level of rhetoric, the participants were all talk.
rhetoric
n.1.雄辩言辞，虚夸的言辞; 2.修辞学
A: Does your poem rhyme?
B: No, I just wrote it in blank verse.
rhyme
n.1.韵，押韵; 2.同韵词，押韵词
vi.押韵，用韵
vt.使成韵，用……押韵
A: I have a riddle for you.
B: Oh, I’m not clever enough for your riddles!
riddle
n.1.谜（语） ; 2.猜不透的难题，难解之迷 ; 3.粗筛，格筛
vt.1.（用粗筛）筛 ; 2.把……打得满是窟窿，把……弄得处处穿孔
A: Let’s set sail on the boat now.
B: No, we have to rig it up properly first.
rig
vt.1.（用不正当手段）操纵，垄断; 2.给（船、桅杆）装配帆及索具; 3.(up)用临时替代材料迅速搭起
n.1.船桅（或船帆等）的装置; 2.成套器械
A: Did you enjoy your morning at the gym?
B: Well, it was rigorous, but good exercise.
rigorous
a.1.严密的，缜密的
2.严格的，严厉的
A: The rim on this cup is chipped.
B: Oh, I let it fall earlier and it broke.
rim
n.（圆形物体的）边，缘
vt.环绕（圆形或环形物的）边缘
A: I have not used those plates for a long time.
B: I’ll just give them a quick rinse then to wash off the dust.
rinse
v.1.漂洗，冲洗
2.用清水漂洗掉（肥皂沫等）
n.1.漂洗，冲洗
2.染发剂
A: Oh no, I ripped my jeans.
B: Don’t worry. I’ll be able to mend them.
rip
v.扯破，撕坏
n.裂口，裂缝
rip into
猛攻，猛击
A: I comb my hair 100 times a day.
B: That sounds like a ritual
ritual
n.1.（宗教等的）仪式
2.例行公事，老规矩
a.1.作为仪式一部分的
2.例行的
A: Is there any rivalry between you and your brothers?
B: No, we all get along very well.
rivalry
n.竞争，竞赛，对抗
A: What did you do in the city last night?
B: Oh, I just roamed around looking at the shops.
roam
v.随便走，漫步，漫游
A: Why are you wearing a robe?
B: I’m pretending to be a king!
robe
n.1.长袍，礼服，法衣
2.睡袍，浴衣
v.（使）穿上长袍（或浴衣等）
A: That horse is robust and healthy.
B: Yes, he is a strong one indeed.
robust
a.强壮的，健康的
A: Have you had any romance recently?
B: No, I don’t have a girlfriend.
romance
n.1.恋爱，恋爱关系
2.浪漫气愤，传奇色彩
3.爱情小说，传奇故事
A: Did you buy the old table?
B: No, we realized that the legs were rotting.
rot
v.（使）腐烂，（使）腐朽
n.腐烂，腐朽
A: This machine is not working.
B: Oh, the rotary blades must have jammed.
rotary
a.旋转的，转动的
A: You have rouge lips.
B: That is because I’m wearing red lipstick.
rouge
n.胭脂
vt.用胭脂擦
A: Excuse me, but could you tell me how I get to the nearest police station?
B: Certainly, go straight through the next roundabout and it is on your left.
roundabout
n.1.绕行线路，绕道，环状交叉路
2.旋转木马
a.绕道的，绕圈子的，不直截了当的
A: What did you do with the royalties from your book?
B: I invested the money in my education.
royalty
n.1.王族（成员）
2.[常pl.]（著作的）版税
A: What type of stone is in your necklace?
B: I think that it is a ruby.
ruby
n.红宝石，红宝石色
A: The sheets on the bed are all ruffled, were you sleeping?
B: No, I was just jumping on the bed
ruffle
v.1.弄皱，弄乱
2.激怒，扰乱
n.褶裥饰边
A: Have you ever been to a rugby match?
B: No, just to a football match.
rugby
n.橄榄球
A: Oh, my stomach is rumbling!
B: You better have something to eat.
rumble
vi.1.发隆隆声，发辘辘声
2.隆隆地行进，发辘辘声行进
3.闹嚷，使人不得安宁
vt.察觉，看穿，识破
n.隆隆声，辘辘声
A: What are you rummaging in your bag for?
B: I lost my keys.
rummage
vi./n.翻找，搜寻
A: Has the plane taken off yet?
B: No, it is still on the runway.
runway
n.（机场的）跑道
A: The flood ruptured the river-banks.
B: Oh, I did not realize it was that serious.
rupture
n.1.破裂，裂开
2.（关系的）决裂，断绝
v.（使）破裂
A: What is that rustling in the leaves?
B: It must be a bird or a mouse.
rustle
vi.沙沙作响，发出瑟瑟声
vt.1.使沙沙作响
2.偷盗（牛、马等）
n.沙沙声，簌簌声
rustle up
凑集到，草草弄好
A: I fell into a rut in the back field.
B: I hope that it was not too deep.
rut
n.车辙，槽，凹痕
in a rut
墨守成规，一成不变
A: Why are you throwing away all your old toys?
B: I am being ruthless with my belongings.
ruthless
a.1.无情的，冷酷的，残忍的
2.坚决的，彻底的
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